Evaluating Urban Heat Island Dynamics and Vegetative Cooling Buffers Using Multitemporal Landsat Imagery

Abstract

Accelerated urban impervious surface expansion exacerbates local thermal discomfort. Utilizing two decades of Landsat thermal infrared satellite imagery over metropolitan Jakarta, we analyze land surface temperature distributions against NDVI indices, highlighting targeted urban park designs that attenuate local temperatures by up to 3.2 degrees Celsius.